Cuantificación de metabolitos secundarios de hojas y corteza de Calliandra angustifolia por métodos espectrofotométricos

Abstract

Objective: To quantify the secondary metabolites present in the leaves and bark of Calliandra angustifolia using spectrophotometric methods. Methodology: Leaves and bark of C. angustifolia were collected in Quistococha (3°49’7” S, 73°19’53” O) and were certified by the curator of the Amazonian Herbarium at UNAP. The samples were cut and dried at 40 °C for one week. Subsequently, they were ground into a fine powder, which was stored in amber jars. UV/Vis techniques were used for the quantification of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and catechins. Alkaloids were analyzed with methanol using a Soxhlet extractor and bromocresol green. Saponins were measured using the Lieberman-Burchard reagent at 528 nm. Results: The bark of C. angustifolia had higher amounts of total phenols (23,900.07 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (19,281 mg/100 g) than the leaves (22,474.45 mg/100 g and 16,730 mg/100 g, respectively). Anthocyanins were slightly higher in the bark (15,441 mg/100 g) compared to the leaves (15,156 mg/100 g). Catechins were very low in both parts (0.004 mg/100 g in the bark and 0.003 mg/100 g in the leaves). Alkaloids were more abundant in the leaves (29.58 mg/100 g) than in the bark (27.62 mg/100 g). The bark also showed a higher concentration of saponins (271.38 mg/100 g) compared to the leaves (137.06 mg/100 g). Conclusion: C. angustifolia shows significant potential for the development of new drugs, especially in its bark, which contains higher concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids, and saponins, highlighting its importance in therapeutic research.

Objetivo: cuantificar los metabolitos secundarios presentes en hojas y corteza de Calliandra angustifolia por métodos espectrofotométricos. Metodología: se recolectaron hojas y corteza de C. angustifolia en Quistococha (3°49’7” S 73°19’53” O) y fueron certificadas por el responsable del Herbario Amazonense de la UNAP. Las muestras fueron cortadas y secadas a 40 °C durante una semana. Posteriormente, se molieron hasta obtener un polvo fino, que se almacenó en frascos ámbar. Se emplearon técnicas UV/vis para la determinación de fenoles totales, flavonoides, antocianinas y catequinas. Los alcaloides se analizaron con metanol usando un extractor Soxhlet y verde de bromocresol. Las saponinas se midieron con el reactivo de Lieberman-Burchard a 528 nm. Resultados: la corteza de C. angustifolia tuvo más fenoles totales (23,900.07 mg/100g) y flavonoides (19,281 mg/100g) que las hojas (22,474.45 mg/100g y 16,730 mg/100g, respectivamente). Las antocianinas fueron ligeramente más altas en la corteza (15,441 mg/100g) que en las hojas (15,156 mg/100g). Las catequinas fueron muy bajas en ambas partes (0,004 mg/100g en la corteza y 0,003 mg/100g en las hojas). Los alcaloides fueron más altos en las hojas (29,58 mg/100g) que en la corteza (27,62 mg/100g). La corteza también mostró una mayor concentración de saponinas (271,38 mg/100g) frente a las hojas (137,06 mg/100g). Conclusión: C. angustifolia muestra un alto potencial para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos, especialmente en su corteza, que contiene mayores concentraciones de fenoles totales, flavonoides y saponinas, destacando su importancia en la investigación terapéutica.